JOHN - Not sure I understand your point. IMO, the way an engine is cooled, whether via finned head & barrel with a mechanically induuced air flow over the fins, or with circulated water only has ONE factor in the oil needed, the air cooled engine runs hotter, and the oil plays a bigger part in reducing operating temp.
IMO, the fact these Kohlers have splash lube system, if you can call it that, makes a bigger difference. The oil must maintain a more fluid state so it can be splashed around inside the engine quickly at start up, but still maintain enough film strength when hot to protect, lube, and cool the rotating & sliding parts.
A full synthetic oil deals with high temps better than a basic mineral oil. A "Hydro-Cracked" base oil like the oil Charlie uses is a better method of refining mineral or dino oil, gets similar properties to a full synthetic.
With proper service intervals a synthetic, Hydro-cracked dino, or conventional dino oil all work fine.
In that regard, our little Kohler's are no different than a new car engine, or a 15 liter diesel engine in an 80,000# semi-truck. The engine MFG sets the standard based off their durability testing, the oil co's test to meet or exceed that standard. We buy based on those standards, dump it in the crankcase, and hope it all works out.
MICHAEL H. - re ZDDP - With Rotella, either straight 30W, or 10W-30 or 15E-40 oil, there's either 1200 or 1400 PPM ZDDP in the oil, the straight 30W even more. No need for supplimental ZDDP additive. Save your money!
I haven't called any other diesel oil mfg's like CHevron, Monil, etc., Only Shell, but I'm sure the others have 800 numbers you can call to answer technical questions as well.
High revving small and even big block engines use Rotella straight out of the jug with no additives and use valve springs with 300-400 pounds of spring pressure PLUS the mechanical leverage from the rocker arms multipling the force on the lifter to cam surface. Our little Kohler's use tiny springs with only 30-40 pounds of pressure with NO mechanical leverage on the lifter to cam surface, LOTS less force to deal with.